Stabilizing the Bulk-phase and Solid Electrolyte Interphase of Silicon Microparticle Anode by Constructing Gradient-Hierarchically Ordered Conductive Networks.

The poor bulk-phase and interphase stability, attributable to adverse internal stress, impede the cycling performance of silicon microparticles (µSi) anodes and its commercial application for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we propose a groundbreaking gradient-hierarchically ordered conductive (GHOC) network structure, ingeniously engineered to enhance the stability of both bulk-phase and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) configurations of µSi. Within the GHOC network architecture, two-dimensional transition metal carbides (Ti3C2Tx) acts as a conductive "brick", establishing a highly conductive inner layer on µSi, while the porous outer layer, composed of one-dimensional Tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) macromolecule, functions akin to structural "rebar" and "concrete", effectively preserves the tightly interconnected conductive framework though multiple bonding mechanisms, including covalent and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, Ti3C2Tx enhances the development of a LiF-enriched SEI. Consequently, the µSi-MTCNF-PAA anode presents a high discharge capacity of 1413.7 mAh g-1 even after 500 cycles at 1.0 C. Moreover, a full cell, integrating LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 with µSi-MTCNF-PAA, exhibits a capacity retention rate of 92.0% following 50 cycles. This GHOC network structure could offer an efficacious pathway for stabilizing both the bulk-phase and interphase structure of anode materials with high volumetric strain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

[High Resolution Emission Inventory of Greenhouse Gas and Its Characteristics in Guangdong，China].

Based on the typical city survey data and statistics of Guangdong Province， a 2018-based 3 km×3 km gridded greenhouse gas emissions inventory was developed for Guangdong Province using the combination of top-down and bottom-up emission factor methods. The inventory covered the CO2， CH4， and N2O emissions from energy， industrial processes， agriculture， land use change and forest， waste management， and indirect sources. The results showed that estimates for CO2， CH4， and N2O in Guangdong Province for the year 2018 were 8.5×108， 1.9×106， and 1.1×105 t， respectively， and 8.5×108， 4.0×107， and 3.4×107 t by equivalent carbon dioxide， totaling 9.2×108 t. CO2 was the main greenhouse gas in Guangdong Province， accounting for 92.0% of the total emissions. Energy and indirect sources were the main emission sources， accounting for 77.9% and 7.6%， respectively， totaling 85.5%. Spatial distributions illustrated that most grids were greenhouse gas emissions， whereas some others were greenhouse gas sinks； the greenhouse gas emissions were distributed mainly in the Pearl River Delta region and had certain characteristics of distribution along the road network and channels. The greenhouse gas grids of high emission were mainly the locations of high energy-consuming enterprises such as large power plants， steel mills， and cement plants.

Discovery of Novel Pyrazole Acyl Thiourea Skeleton Analogue as Potential Herbicide Candidates.

To discover novel transketolase (TKL, EC 2.2.1.1) inhibitors with potential herbicidal applications, a series of pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives were designed based on a previously obtained pyrazolamide acyl lead compound, employing a scaffold hopping strategy. The compounds were synthesized, their structures were characterized, and they were evaluated for herbicidal activities. The results indicate that 7a exhibited exceptional herbicidal activity against Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus retroflexus at a dosage of 90 g ai/ha, using the foliar spray method in a greenhouse. This performance is comparable to that of commercial products, such as nicosulfuron and mesotrione. Moreover, 7a showed moderate growth inhibitory activity against the young root and stem of A. retroflexus at 200 mg/L in the small cup method, similar to that of nicosulfuron and mesotrione. Subsequent mode-of-action verification experiments revealed that 7a and 7e inhibited Setaria viridis TKL (SvTKL) enzyme activity, with IC50 values of 0.740 and 0.474 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, they exhibited inhibitory effects on the Brassica napus acetohydroxyacid synthase enzyme activity. Molecular docking predicted potential interactions between these (7a and 7e) and SvTKL. A greenhouse experiment demonstrated that 7a exhibited favorable crop safety at 150 g ai/ha. Therefore, 7a is a promising herbicidal candidate that is worthy of further development.

Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of Pyrazole Amide Derivatives as Potential Transketolase Inhibitors.

The design and synthesis of new herbicidal active compounds based on a new target are of great significance for the development of new herbicides. Transketolase (TK) plays a key role in the Calvin cycle of plant photosynthesis and has been confirmed as a potential candidate target to develop and discover new herbicides. To obtain compounds with ultraefficient targeting of TK, a series of pyrazole amide derivatives were designed and synthesized through structural optimization for lead compound 4u based on TK as the new target. The bioassay results showed that compounds 6ba and 6bj displayed a highly inhibitory effect with the root inhibition of about 90% against Digitaria sanguinalis (DS) and 80% against Amaranthus retroflexus (AR) and Setaria viridis (SV) by the small cup method, which was better than the positive control mesotrione and nicosulfuron. Furthermore, compounds 6ba and 6bj exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect with the inhibition of about 80% (against DS) and over 80% (against SV) at the dosage of 150 g of active ingredient/ha by the foliar spray method. The TK enzyme activity inhibition test showed that the inhibition effect of target compounds against TK was consistent with the results of herbicidal activities. Also, molecular docking analysis showed that compounds 6ba and 6bj went deep into the active cavity of TK, bound to TK by a strong interaction, and might act on the enzyme TK. Above of all, compounds 6ba and 6bj are promising herbicide lead compounds targeting TK. Hence, they could be developed into more efficient herbicides by further structural optimization.

Establishment of an indirect competitive immunoassay for the detection of dicamba based on a highly specific nanobody.

Dicamba, a traditional highly effective and low toxicity herbicide, has gained new life with the development of dicamba-tolerant transgenic crops in recent years. However, dicamba is highly volatile and therefore easy to cause drift damage to sensitive crops. The development of efficient and sensitive detection methods is essential for monitoring of trace dicamba in the environment. Nanobody-based immunoassay plays an important role in on-site detection of pesticides. However, now rapid and sensitive immunoassay methods based on nanobody for dicamba detection were lacking. In this study, the nanobodies specifically recognizing dicamba were successfully obtained by immunising camels and phage display library construction, and then an indirect competitive immunoassay based on Nb-242 was constructed with IC50 of 0.93 µg/mL and a linear range of 0.11-8.01 µg/mL. Nb-242 had good specificity with no cross-reactivities against the dicamba analogs other than 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid and the developed immnoassay had a good correlation with the standard HPLC in the spike-recovery studies. Finally, the key amino acid Ala 123, Tyr 55, Tyr 59 and Arg 72 of Nb-242 that specifically recognizing and binding with dicamba were identified by homologous modeling and molecular docking, laying an important foundation for further structural modification of Nb-242. This study has important guiding significance for constructing immunoassay method of dicamba based on nanobody and provides a sensitive, specific, and reliable detection method that is suitable for the detection of dicamba in the environment.

Development of an immunoassay based on a specific antibody for the detection of diphenyl ether herbicide fomesafen.

Fomesafen belongs to the diphenyl ether herbicide, and is widely used in the control of broadleaf weeds in crop fields due to its high efficiency and good selectivity. The residual of fomesafen in soil has a toxic effect on subsequent sensitive crops and the microbial community structure because of its long residual period. Therefore, an efficient method for detecting fomesafen is critical to guide the correct and reasonable use of this herbicide. Rapid and sensitive immunoassay methods for fomesafen is unavailable due to the lack of specific antibody. In this study, a specific antibody for fomesafen was generated based on rational design of haptens and a sensitive immunoassay method was established. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the immunoassay was 39 ng/mL with a linear range (IC10-90) of 1.92-779.8 ng/mL. In addition, the developed assay had a good correlation with the standard UPLC-MS/MS both in the spike-recovery studies and in the detection of real soil samples. Overall, the developed indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay reported here is important for detecting and quantifying fomesafen contamination in soil and other environmental samples with good sensitivity and high reproducibility.

Enabling Stable and Low-Strain Lithium Plating/Stripping with 2D Layered Transition Metal Carbides by Forming Li-Zipped MXenes and a Li Halide-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials demonstrate prominent advantage in regulating lithium plating/stripping behavior by confining lithium diffusion/plating within interlayer gaps. However, achieving effective interlayer confined lithium diffusion/plating without compromising the stability of bulk-structural and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) remains a considerable challenge. This paper presents an electrochemical scissor and lithium zipper-driven protocol for realizing interlayer confined lithium plating with pretty-low strain and volume change. In this protocol, lithium serves as a "zipper" to reunite the adjacent MXene back to MAX-like phase to markedly enhance the structural stability, and a lithium halide-rich SEI is formed by electrochemically removing the terminals of halogenated MXenes to maintain the stability and rapid lithium ions diffusion of SEI. When the Ti3 C2 I2 serves as the host for lithium plating, the average coulomb efficiency exceeds 97.0 % after 320 lithium plating/stripping cycles in conventional ester electrolyte. Furthermore, a full cell comprising of LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 and Ti3 C2 I2 @Li exhibits a capacity retention rate of 73.4 % after 200 cycles even under high cathode mass-loading (20 mg cm-2 ) and a low negative/positive capacity ratio of 1.4. Our findings advance the understanding of interlayer confined lithium plating in 2D layered materials and provide a new direction in regulating lithium and other metal plating/stripping behaviors.

Enabling High-Performance Layered Li-Rich Oxide Cathodes by Regulating the Formation of Integrated Cation-Disordered Domains.

Layered Li-rich oxide cathode materials are capable of offering high energy density due to their cumulative cationic and anionic redox mechanism during (de)lithiation process. However, the structural instability of the layered Li-rich oxide cathode materials, especially in the deeply delitiated state, results in severe capacity and voltage degradation. Considering the minimal isotropic structural evolution of disordered rock salt oxide cathode during cycling, cation-disordered nano-domains have been controllably introduced into layered Li-rich oxides by co-doping of d0 -TM and alkali ions. Combining electrochemical and synchrotron-based advanced characterizations, the incorporation of the phase-compatible cation-disordered domains can not only hinder the oxygen framework collapse along the c axis of layered Li-rich cathode under high operation voltage but also promote the Mn and anionic activities as well as Li+ (de)intercalation kinetics, leading to remarkable improvement in rate capability and mitigation of capacity and voltage decay. With this unique layered/rocksalt intergrown structure, the intergrown cathode yields an ultrahigh capacity of 288.4 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C, and outstanding capacity retention of ≈90.0% with obviously suppressed voltage decay after 100 cycles at 0.5, 1, and 2 C rate. This work provides a new direction toward advanced cathode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries.

Piezoelectric Interlayer Enabling a Rechargeable Quasisolid-State Sodium Battery at 0 °C.

Solid-state sodium (Na) batteries (SSNBs) hold great promise but suffer from several major issues, such as high interfacial resistance at the solid electrolyte/electrode interface and Na metal dendrite growth. To address these issues, a piezoelectric interlayer design for an Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) solid electrolyte is proposed herein. Two typical piezoelectric films, AlN and ZnO, coated onto NZSP function as interlayers designed to generate a local stress-induced field for alleviating interfacial charge aggregation coupling stress concentration and promoting uniform Na plating. The results reveal that the interlayer (ZnO) with matched modulus, high Na-adhesion, and sufficient piezoelectricity can provide a favorable interphase. Low interfacial resistances of 91 and 239 Ω cm2 are achieved for the ZnO layer at 30 and 0 °C, respectively, which are notably lower than those for bare NZSP. Moreover, steady Na plating/stripping cycles are rendered over 850 and 4900 h at 0 and 30 °C, respectively. The superior anodic performance is further manifested in an Na2MnFe(CN)6-based full cell which delivers discharge capacities of 125 mA h g-1 over 1600 cycles at 30 °C and 90 mA h g-1 over 500 cycles at 0 °C. A new interlayer-design insight is clearly demonstrated for SSNBs breaking low-temperature limits.

Flexible Li-CO2 Batteries with Boosted Reaction Kinetics and Cyclelife Enabled by Heterostructured Mo3 N2 @TiN Cathode and Interface-protected Li Anode.

With theoretically endowing with high energy densities and environmentally friendly carbon neutralization ability, flexible fiber-shaped Li-CO2 battery emerges as a multipurpose platform for next-generation wearable electronics. Nevertheless, the ineluctable issues faced by cathode catalysts and Li anodes have brought enormous obstacles to the development of flexible fiber-shaped Li-CO2 batteries. Herein, a flexible fiber-shaped Li-CO2 battery based on Mo3 N2 cathode coating with atomic layer deposited TiN and Li3 N protected Li anode is constructed. Owing to the regulation surface electrons of Mo3 N2 by TiN, heterostructured cathode has more delocalized electrons which enable cathodes to stabilize 2-electron intermediate products Li2 C2 O4 by electron bridge bonds and avoid disproportionation into Li2 CO3 . Li3 N layers not only accelerate Li+ transportation but also avoid contact between Li and CO2 to form Li2 CO3 . Thus, the constructed Li-CO2 battery demonstrates a low charge potential of 3.22 V, low overpotential of 0.56 V, outstanding rate capabilities up to 1 A g-1 , and excellent long-term cycling (≈2000 h) with an energy efficiency of ≈80%. The fabricated flexible fiber-shaped Li-CO2 battery shows an ultrahigh energy density of 14 772.5 Wh kg-1 based on cathodes (340.8 Wh kg-1 based on device mass), and outstanding deformations adaptability, giving it great potential for wearable electronics.

Novel Low-Strain Layered/Rocksalt Intergrown Cathode for High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries.

Both layered- and rocksalt-type Li-rich cathode materials are drawing great attention due to their enormous capacity, while the individual phases have their own drawbacks, such as great volume change for the layered phase and low electronic and ionic conductivities for the rocksalt phase. Previously, we have reported the layered/rocksalt intergrown cathodes with nearly zero-strain operation, while the use of precious elements hinders their industrial applications. Herein, low-cost 3d Mn4+ ions are utilized to partially replace the expensive Ru5+ ions, to develop novel ternary Li-rich cathode material Li1+x[RuMnNi]1-xO2. The as-designed Li1.15Ru0.25Mn0.2Ni0.4O2 is revealed to have a layered/rock salt intergrown structure by neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The as-designed cathode exhibits ultrahigh lithium-ion reversibility, with 0.86 (231.1 mAh g-1) out of a total Li+ inventory of 1.15 (309.1 mAh g-1). The X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra further demonstrate that the high Li+ storage of the intergrown cathode is enabled by leveraging cationic and anionic redox activities in charge compensation. Surprisingly, in situ X-ray diffraction shows that the intergrown cathode undergoes extremely low-strain structural evolution during the charge-discharge process. Finally, the Mn content in the intergrown cathodes is found to be tunable, providing new insights into the design of advanced cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries.

[Emission Trends and Reduction Potential of VOCs from Printing Industry in China].

The printing industry has always been the key source of volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions in China. However, owing to the complexity of raw materials and processes, the fine emission inventory and its future emission reduction potential of VOCs from the printing industry have not been well characterized. In this study, the existing VOCs emission factors of the printing industry were improved, considering the neglected semi/intermediate VOCs(S/IVOCs). An emissions inventory of VOCs from the printing industry in the period of 2011-2020 in China was compiled. Through scenario analysis, the emission of VOCs under different scenarios in 2030 was predicted, and the emission reduction potential was analyzed. VOCs emissions from the printing industry in China increased first and then decreased in the period of 2011-2020. Compared with that in 2011, VOCs emissions increased by 29.6% in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 3.0%. This was mainly due to the increasing consumption demand in the printing industry market and the lack of effective measures for integrated management of VOCs. The VOCs emission of the printing industry in China in 2020 was 861 Gg. Gravure printing and packaging processing were the two most important processes, accounting for 52.0% and 28.7%, respectively. Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang were the largest contributors to VOC emissions, accounting for 44.12% of the total emissions. VOCs emissions of the printing industry in 2030 were 1187 Gg, 684 Gg, and 362 Gg for the baseline scenario, the general control scenario, and the strict control scenario, respectively. Compared to that in 2020, emissions under different control scenarios in 2030 increased by 37.9% and decreased by 20.6% and 57.9%, respectively. Gravure printing and packaging processing are still the focus of emission reduction.

Accelerated aging of lithium-ion batteries: bridging battery aging analysis and operational lifetime prediction.

The exponential growth of stationary energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates a more profound understanding of the degradation behavior of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with specific emphasis on their lifetime. Accurately forecasting the lifetime of batteries under various working stresses aids in optimizing their operating conditions, prolonging their longevity, and ultimately minimizing the overall cost of the battery life cycle. Accelerated aging, as an efficient and economical method, can output sufficient cycling information in short time, which enables a rapid prediction of the lifetime of LIBs under various working stresses. Nevertheless, the prerequisite for accelerated aging-based battery lifetime prediction is the consistency of aging mechanisms. This review, by comprehensively summarizing the aging mechanisms of various components within LIBs and the battery degradation mechanisms under stress-accelerated conditions, provides a reference for evaluating the consistency of battery aging mechanisms. Furthermore, this paper introduces accelerated aging-based lifetime prediction models and offers constructive suggestions for future research on accelerated lifetime prediction of LIBs.

[Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Functional Zones in Baoji in Summer].

The situation of air pollution in Guanzhong Plain has been increasing in recent years; hence, it is very important to study the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their health risks in urban functional zones. We analyzed 115 VOCs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/hydrogen ion flame detector (GC-MS/FID) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at four sampling sites in the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones of Baoji. We analyzed the main components and key species in the different functional zones. Ozone formation potential (OFP),·OH consumption rate (L·OH), and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) were used to evaluate the environmental impact, and the hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) methods were employed. The results revealed that the mean values of φ(TVOCs) in the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones were (59.63±23.85)×10-9, (42.92±11.88)×10-9, (60.27±24.09)×10-9, and (55.54±7.44)×10-9, respectively. The dominant contributors at the traffic zone were alkanes, and those at the other functional zones were OVOCs. Acetaldehyde, acetone, n-butane, and isopentane were abundant at different functional zones. According to the characteristic ratios of VOCs, the average ratio of toluene to benzene (T/B) at the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones were 1.84, 2.39, 1.28, and 1.64, respectively, and the ratio of iso-pentane to n-pentane (i/n) was mainly between 1 and 4. The results indicated that VOCs in Baoji were significantly affected by vehicle emissions and gasoline evaporation, biomass and coal combustion, and industrial coatings and foundry. The ratio of m/p-xylene to ethylbenzene (X/E) was lower than 2 at the four functional zones, and the minimum was 1.79 at the scenic zones; the results revealed that X/E was small, and the aging degree of air masses was high, indicating the influence of regional transport. According to the ratio of formaldehyde to acetaldehyde (C1/C2) and the ratio of acetaldehyde to propanal (C2/C3), it was suggested that there may have been evident anthropogenic emission sources, and the photochemical reaction had an important effect on aldehydes and ketones. Environmental impact assessment results revealed that OVOCs and alkenes contributed significantly to OFP and OFP from large to small was as follows:industrial zone>scenic zone>traffic zone>comprehensive zone. The range of L·OH in each functional zone was 8.77-15.82 s-1, with isoprene contributing the most in the industrial zone and acetaldehyde contributing the most at other functional zones. The SOAFP of each functional zone was as follows:scenic zone>comprehensive zone>traffic zone>industrial zone. Toluene, m/p-xylene, and isoprene were the notable species. According to the health risk assessment of EPA, the HI of toxic VOCs in all functional zones was lower than 1, which was at an acceptable level. However, the number of days with HI>1 in industrial zones accounted for 42.86% of the total sampling days, indicating a high risk. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) of the traffic, comprehensive, industrial, and scenic zones were 1.83×10-5, 1.21×10-5, 1.85×10-5, and 1.63×10-5, respectively, which were all in grade Ⅲ of the rating system, indicating a high probability of cancer risk. Species with LCR greater than 10-6 were formaldehyde; acetaldehyde; 1,2-dibromoethane; 1,2-dichloroethane; 1,2-dichloropropane; and chloroform.

Rechargeable Solid-State Na-Metal Battery Operating at -20 °C.

Achieving satisfactory performance for a solid-state Na-metal battery (SSNMB) with an inorganic solid electrolyte (SE), especially under freezing temperatures, poses a challenge for stabilizing a Na-metal anode. Herein, this challenge is addressed by utilizing a Natrium super ionic conductor (NASICON) NASICON-type solid electrolyte, enabling the operation of a rechargeable SSNMB over a wide temperature range from -20 to 45 °C. The interfacial resistance at the Na metal/SE interface is only 0.4 Ω cm2 at 45 °C and remains below 110 Ω cm2 even at -20 °C. Remarkably, long-term Na-metal plating/stripping cycles lasting over 2000 h at -20 °C are achieved with minimal polarization voltages at 0.1 mA cm-2 . Further analysis reveals the formation of a uniform Na3- x Cax PO4 interphase layer at the interface, which significantly contributes to the exceptional interfacial performance observed. By employing a Na3 V1.5 Al0.5 (PO4 )3 cathode, the full battery system demonstrates excellent adaptability to low temperatures, exhibiting a capacity of 80 mA h g-1 at -20 °C over 50 cycles and retaining a capacity of 108 mAh g-1 (88.5% of the capacity at 45 °C) at 0 °C over 275 cycles. This research significantly reduces the temperature threshold for SSNMB operation and paves the way toward solid-state batteries suitable for all-season applications.

Benchmarking the Effect of Particle Size on Silicon Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

High-capacity silicon has been regarded as one of the most promising anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, it suffers from severe volume expansion, particle pulverization, and repeated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth, which leads to rapid electrochemical failure, while the particle size also plays key role here and its effects remain elusive. In this paper, through multiple-physical, chemical, and synchrotron-based characterizations, the evolutions of the composition, structure, morphology, and surface chemistry of silicon anodes with the particle size ranging from 50 to 5 µm upon cycling are benchmarked, which greatly link to their electrochemical failure discrepancies. It is found that the nano- and micro-silicon anodes undergo similar crystal to amorphous phase transition, but quite different composition transition upon de-/lithiation; at the same time, the nano- and 1 µm-silicon samples present obviously different mechanochemical behaviors from the 5 µm-silicon sample, such as electrode crack, particle pulverization/crack as well as volume expansion; in addition, the micro-silicon samples possess much thinner SEI layer than the nano-silicon samples upon cycling, and also differences in SEI compositions. It is hoped this comprehensive study and understanding should offer critical insights into the exclusive and customized modification strategies to diverse silicon anodes ranging from nano to microscale.

A comprehensive approach to quantify the source identification and human health risk assessment of toxic elements in park dust.

In this research, enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index were utilized to explore the contamination characteristics of toxic elements (TEs) in park dust. The results exhibited that park dust in the study area was mainly moderately polluted, and the EF values of dust Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Sb were all > 1. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb increased with the decrease of dust particle size. The investigation results of chemical speciation and bioavailability of TEs showed that Zn had the highest bioavailability. Three sources of TEs were determined by positive matrix factorization model, Pearson correlation analysis and geostatistical analysis, comprising factor 1 mixed sources of industrial and transportation activities (46.62%), factor 2 natural source (25.56%) and factor 3 mixed source of agricultural activities and the aging of park infrastructures (27.82%). Potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) models based on source apportionment were exploited to estimate PER and HHR of TEs from different sources. The mean PER value of TEs in the park dust was 114, indicating that ecological risk in the study area was relatively high. Factor 1 contributed the most to PER, and the pollution of Cd was the most serious. There were no significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults in the study area. And factor 3 was the biggest source of non-carcinogenic risk, and As, Cr and Pb were the chief contributor to non-carcinogenic risk. The primary source of carcinogenic risk was factor 2, and Cr was the cardinal cancer risk element.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Zhanjiang in Summer].

Ozone pollution is intensifying in China, and its related studies are weak in non-focus regions and non-focus cities. Here, we investigated the characteristics and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three sampling sites in Zhanjiang. We analyzed 101 VOCs using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/hydrogen ion flame detector (GC-MS/FID) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Summa canister and DNPH adsorption tube. We calculated the ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs and used the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model for source apportionment. The results showed that the mean φ(TVOCs) was 1.28×10-7, and the dominant contributors were OVOCs (52%), followed by alkanes (36%), alkenes (7%), halogenated hydrocarbons (2.42%), aromatic hydrocarbons (1.61%), and alkynes (0.78%). The diurnal variation in VOCs was influenced by photochemical reactions; the ratio of aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes was high in the morning and evening and low at noon, whereas OVOCs had a low ratio in the morning and noon and high in the evening, influenced by primary emissions and the upwind transport of pollutants. The OFP was 3.28×10-7, and the dominant species were formaldehyde, butene, n-butane, butanone, and acetaldehyde.The analysis of X/E values (characterizing the aging degree of air masses) and backward trajectories of air masses showed that during the sampling, when influenced by air masses from the south or southwest, X/E was small, and the aging degree of air masses was high, indicating the influence of regional transport; when influenced by air masses from the east or southeast direction, X/E was large, and the air masses were fresh, and VOCs were mainly from local emissions. Six emission sources of VOCs, including industrial emissions, gasoline vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation, regional background and transport sources, biomass combustion, diesel vehicles and marine shipping emissions, and solvent use emission sources, were resolved using the PMF model, with contributions of 36.05%, 28.99%, 13.84%, 10.13%, 7.05%, and 3.95%, respectively.Zhanjiang should strengthen the supervision of formaldehyde, butene, n-butane and butanone, industry sources, and mobile sources as the focus of control.

Life cycle environmental impact assessment for battery-powered electric vehicles at the global and regional levels.

As an important part of electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery packs will have a certain environmental impact in the use stage. To analyze the comprehensive environmental impact, 11 lithium-ion battery packs composed of different materials were selected as the research object. By introducing the life cycle assessment method and entropy weight method to quantify environmental load, a multilevel index evaluation system was established based on environmental battery characteristics. The results show that the Li-S battery is the cleanest battery in the use stage. In addition, in terms of power structure, when battery packs are used in China, the carbon footprint, ecological footprint, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, human toxicity cancer and human toxicity noncancer are much higher than those in the other four regions. Although the current power structure in China is not conducive to the sustainable development of electric vehicles, the optimization of the power structure is expected to make electric vehicles achieve clean driving in China.

Clinical Efficacy of Chemotherapy Regimen Combined with Levofloxacin in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Complicated with Type-2 Diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a chemotherapy regimen combined with levofloxacin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Type-2 diabetes. Methods: Total 80 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Type-2 diabetes admitted to Baoding People's Hospital from January, 2019 to January, 2022 were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given the conventional 2HRZE/10HRE regimen, while those in the experimental group were given the chemotherapy regimen 2HRZEL/6HRE combined with levofloxacin. Sixty four slice spiral CT was used for chest plain scan before and after treatment, respectively, to evaluate the absorption of lesions based on the range of lung lesions; Venous blood was drawn to detect the changes of oxidative stress indicators, the incidence of adverse drug reactions and the negative conversion rate of sputum tuberculosis bacteria in the two groups. Results: After treatment, the efficacy of the experimental group was 90%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (67.5%), with a statistically significant difference (p=0.01). After treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and other indicators in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (CD3+, p=0.01; CD4+, p=0.01; CD4+/CD8+, p=0.00), while CD8+ did not change significantly (p=0.92); The incidence of adverse reactions was 52.5% in the experimental group and 47.5% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.66); The negative conversion rate of patients in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at one month, three months and six months after treatment, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chemotherapy combined with levofloxacin is a safe and effective regimen for patients' pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Type-2 diabetes, boasting a variety of benefits such as improved clinical efficacy, ameliorated cellular immune status, a high negative conversion rate of sputum tuberculosis bacteria, and no significant increase in adverse reactions.